A PDF, after all, is not really a source itself, but rather a file type and a way to display a source. For example, if the source you wish to cite is a PDF of a newspaper article, cite the source as you would a newspaper.
Then, depending on the citation style you are using, you can add a short note to the citation that indicates that the source was in PDF, or you can include a URL that links directly to the PDF. Here is how you would do this in the three most popular citation styles:. Executive summary. You can find here diverse web resources and even electronic version of print publications such as books, journals, and other documents in Portable Document Format PDF that are highly accessible and convenient to use.
It is especially useful when doing research and academic papers. Up to five names can be included, but in the subsequent in-text citation for works with more than two authors, write only the last name of the first author followed by et al. Last name, A. BCarlson, R. This part will show you the guidelines, elements and examples for both in-text citation and reference list. Burwell and public health at a glance [PDF]. Parenthetical citation: American Public Health Association, Title of webpage.
Title of Website. Medcalf, C. Remember that time Deadmau5 livestreamed himself painstakingly recreating the Stranger Things theme? Need more information on web APA citation articles? Take a peek at our full APA website citation guide. Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical, volume number issue number , page range. Jeffers, O. Sports and Rehabilitation Journal, 4 Galea, S. When population health science intersects with pressing cultural issues: A public health of consequence.
American Journal of Public Health, 3 , Here is an example:. Desai, M. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 20, Title of Newspaper, Section Number. Fry, H. Wildfires, rains add to beach pollution. Los Angeles Times , A1, A For more information on the difference kinds of periodicals that are defined by the APA, you can check out Section If you used a newspaper story found online, the only thing that you need to complete the source element is the URL.
Simply add it to the reference entry after the newspaper name. See Section Langhans, W. Your reference list can also use et al. Thacker, S. Upload a paper to check for plagiarism against billions of sources and get advanced writing suggestions for clarity and style. Get Started. Check your paper for plagiarism in 10 minutes. Do the check. Generate your APA citations for free! APA Citation Generator. Here's why students love Scribbr's proofreading services Trustpilot.
How do I cite a source with no author or page numbers in MLA? What is the easiest way to create MLA citations? Is this article helpful? He writes and edits for Scribbr, and reads a lot of books in his spare time. Other students also liked. See examples and generate accurate book citations.
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